John Berthrong
Boston University

Texts Specifically Related to Confucianism and Ecology
Barnhill, David Landis. Review of Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans, eds. Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong. Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 4, no. 1 (2000): 94-99.

Barnhill, David, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY: SUNY, 2001.

Berger, Antony R. Dark Nature in Classic Chinese Thought. Victoria, BC: Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University of Victoria, 1999.

Berneko, Guy. “Ecohumanism, the Spontaneities of the Earth, Ziran, and K = 2.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 31, no. 2 (2004): 183-194.

Berthrong, John. “Confucian Views of Nature.” In Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, ed. Helaine Selin, 373-392. The Hague and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Black, Alison Harley. Man and Nature in the Philosophical Thought of Wang Fu-chih. Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press, 1989.

Blakeley, Donald N. “Listening to the Animals: The Confucian View of Animal Welfare.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30, no. 2 (2003): 137-157.

Blunden, Caroline, and Mark Elvin. The Cultural Atlas of World: China. Alexandria, Va.: Stonehenge Press, 1991.

Bruun, Ole and Arne Kalland, eds. Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach. Richmond, Surrey: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1995.

Chen Lai. “On Morality From the Perspective of Ecology: The Ecological Dimension of New Confucianism.” Zhonggguo Zhexueshi (The History of Chinese Philosophy) 2 (1999): 3-9.

Chuk-ling Lai, Julian and Julia Tao. “Perception of Environmental Hazards in Hong Kong Chinese.” Risk Analysis 23, no. 4 (2003): 669-684.

Cooper, David E. and Joy A. Palmer, eds. Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Coward, Harold, ed. Visions of a New Earth: Religious Perspectives on Population, Consumption, and Ecology. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Economy, Elizabeth C. The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004.

Elvin, Mark. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.

Elvin, Mark, and Liu Ts’ui-jung, eds. Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Fan, Ruiping. “A Reconstructionist Confucian Account of Environmentalism: Toward a Human Sagely Dominion Over Nature.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2005): 105-122.

Forke, Alfred. The World Conception of the Chinese. London: Arthur Probsthain, 1925.

Gale, Esson M. Discourses on Salt and Iron: A Debate on State Control of Commerce and Industry in Ancient China. Reprinted. Taipei: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company, 1973.

Geaney, Jane. “Chinese Cosmology and Recent Studies in Confucian Ethics: A Review Essay.” Journal of Religious Ethics 28, no. 3 (2000): 451-470.

Grange, Joseph. “John Dewey and Confucius: Ecological Philosophers.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30, no. 3-4 (2003): 419-431.

Henderson, John B. The Development and Decline of Chinese Cosmology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.

Huang, Yong. “Cheng Brothers’ Neo-Confucian Virtue Ethics: The Identity of Virtue and Nature.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30, no. 3-4 (2003): 451-467.

Inada, Kenneth K. “The Cosmological Basis of Chinese Ethical Discourse.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2005): 35-46.

Jenkins, T. N. “Chinese Traditional Thought and Practice: Lessons for an Ecological Economics Worldview.” Ecological Economics 40, no. 1 (2002): 39-52.

Jiang, Xinyan. “Why Was Mengzi Not a Vegetarianist?” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2005): 59-73.

Jones, David. Review of Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans, eds. Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong. Journal of Asian & African Studies 15, no. 3 (2000): 358-359.

Louden, Robert B. “‘What Does Heaven Say?’: Christian Wolff and Western Interpretations of Confucian Ethics.” In Confucius and the Analects: New Essays, ed. Bryan W. Van Norden, 73-93. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Miller, James and He Xiang. “Confucian Spirituality in an Ecological Age.” In Chinese Religions in Contemporary Societies, ed. James Miller, 281-300. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Press, 2006.

Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China. 8 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954—.

Powers, C. John. Review of Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans, eds. Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong. Environmental Ethics 22, (2000):207-210.

Selin, Helaine, ed. Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures. The Hague and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Shapiro, Judith. Mao’s War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Snyder, Samuel. “Chinese Traditions and Ecology: A Survey Article.” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 10, no. 1 (2006): 100-34.

Tao, Julia. “Confucian Environmental Ethics: Relational Resonance with Nature.” Social Alternatives 23 no. 4 (2004): 5-9.

Taylor, Rodney L. The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of Quiet-Sitting. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
________. “Of Animals and Man: The Confucian Perspective.” In Animal Sacrifices: Religious Perspectives on the Use of Animals in Science, ed. Tom Regan, 237-263. Philadelphia: Temple Press, 1986.

Totman, Conrad. Early Modern Japan. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993.

Tu Wei-ming. “The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Humanism: Implications for China and the World.” Daedalus 130, no. 4 (2001): 243-264.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. Worldly Wonder: Religions Enter Their Ecological Phase. Chicago, IL: Open Court, 2003.
________. “Confucian Ethics and the Ecocrisis.” In When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us About the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, eds. Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, 310-323. Peru, IL: Carus Publishing Company, 2002.
________. “The Relevance of Chinese Neo-Confucianism for the Reverence of Nature.” Environmental History Review 15, no. 2 (1991): 55-67.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John Berthrong, eds. Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Divinity School, Center for the Study of World Religions, 1998. Distributed by Harvard University Press.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John A. Grim. Worldviews and Ecology: Religion, Philosophy, and the Environment. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1994.

Valder, Peter. Gardens In China. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2002.

Yamauchi, T. “Wang Yang-Ming.” In Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment, ed. Joy A. Palmer, 27-33. New York, NY: Routledge, 2001.

Yu, Kam-por. “Respecting Nature and Using Human Intelligence: Elements of a Confucian Bioethics.” In Genomics in Asia: A Clash of Bioethical Interests?, ed. Margaret Sleeboom, 159-177. London: Kegan Paul, 2004.

Wang, Aihe. Cosmology and Political Culture in Early China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Weber, Ralph. “Oneness and Particularity in Chinese Natural Cosmology: the Notion of Tianrenheyi.” Asian Philosophy 15, no. 2 (2005): 191-205.

Zhang Yunfei. “On Confucianism and Taoism from the Perspective of Eco-ethics.” In The Progress of Environmental Ethics: Critics and Interpretation, ed. Xu Songling. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press, 1999.

General Reference Works
Chan, Wing-tsit. Chinese Philosophy, 1949–1963: An Annotated Bibliography of Mainland China Publications. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Center Press, University of Hawaii, 1967.
_______. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Ching, Julia. Chinese Religions. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993.

Dawson, Raymond, ed. The Legacy of China. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.

de Bary, Wm. Theodore, and Irene Bloom, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Elvin, Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1973.

Fairbank, John King. China: A New History. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1992.

Fairbank, John King and Denis Twitchett, eds. The Cambridge History of China. 15 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986–.

Fung, Yu-lan. A Short History of Chinese Philosophy. Edited by Derk Bodde. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1964.
_______. A History of Chinese Philosophy. 2 vols. Translated by Derk Bodde. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1952–1953.
_______. The Spirit of Chinese Philosophy. Translated by E. R. Hughes. Boston: Beacon Press, 1947.

Gernet, Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilization. Translated by J. R. Foster. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Jochim, Christian. Chinese Religions: A Cultural Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prenctice-Hall, Inc., 1986.

Keightley, David N., ed. The Origins of Chinese Civilization. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1983.

Lach, Donald F. Asia in the Making of Europe. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1965–1993.

Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea. Tanslated by Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Lee, Peter H. Sourcebook of Korean Civilization. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993–1996.

Liu, Shu-hsien, and Robert E. Allinson, eds. Harmony and Strife: Contemporary Perspectives, East and West. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1988.

Lopez, Donald S., Jr. Religions of China in Practice. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Martinson, Paul Varo. A Theology of World Religions: Interpreting God, Self, and World in Semitic, Indian, and Chinese Thought. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg, 1987.

Maspero, Henri. China in Antiquity. Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1978.

Moore, Charles A. The Chinese Mind: Essentials of Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Mote, Frederick W. Intellectual Foundations of China. 2d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1989.

Naess, Arne, and Alastir Hanny, eds. Invitation to Chinese Philosophy. Oslo: Scandinavian University Books, 1972.

Nakamura, Hajime. Parallel Developments: A Comparative History of Ideas. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975.
_______. Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples: India, China, Tibet, and Japan. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Center Press, 1964.

Overmeyer, Daniel L. Religions of China: The World as Living System. San Francisco, Calif.: Harper and Row, 1986.

Paper, Jordan. The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Reid, T. R. Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West. New York: Random House, 1999.

Sansom, George. Japan, A Short Cultural History. Rev. ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.

Schirokauer, Conrad. A Brief History of Japanese Civilization. 2d ed. Forth Worth, Tex.: Harcourt Brace Publishers, 1993.
_______. A Brief History of Chinese Civilization. 2d ed. Forth Worth, Tex.: Harcourt Brace Publishers, 1991.

Sommer, Deborah, ed. Chinese Religion: An Anthology of Sources. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Thompson, Laurence. Chinese Religion. 4th ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing, 1989.

Tsunoda, Ryusaku, ed. Sources of the Japanese Tradition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958.

Tu Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996.

Tuan, Yi Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.

Weller, Robert P. Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion. Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press, 1987.

Yang, C. K. Religion in Chinese Society. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1967.

Yates, Robin D. Five Lost Classics: Tao, Huang-Lao, and Yin-Yang in Han China. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997.

Yu, David C. Religion in Postwar China: A Critical Analysis and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994.

Monographs: China
Allan, Sarah. The Shape of the Turtle: Myth, Art, and Cosmos in Early China. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1991.

Allinson, Robert E., ed. Understanding the Chinese Mind: The Philosophic Roots. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Balazs, Etienne. Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy: Variations on a Theme. Translated by H. M. Wright and edited by Arthur F. Wright. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1964.

Barrett, Timothy Hugh. Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist, or Neo-Confucian? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Bauer, Wolfgang. China and the Search for Happiness: Recurring Themes in Four Thousand Years of Chinese Cultural History. Translated by Michael Shaw. New York: The Seabury Press, 1976.

Berling, Judith A. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.

Berthrong, John H. Transformations of the Confucian Way. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.
_______. Concerning Creativity: A Comparison of Chu Hsi, Whitehead, and Neville. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1998.
_______. All Under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in Confucian-Christian Dialogue. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Birdwhistell, Anne D. Li Yong (1627–1705) and Epistemological Dimensions of Confucian Philosophy. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996.
_______. Transition to Neo-Confucianism: Shao Yung on Knowledge and Symbols of Reality. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1989.

Bloom, Irene. Knowledge Painfully Acquired: The K’un-chih chi by Lo Ch’in-shun. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.

Bloom, Irene, and Joshua A. Fogel, eds. Meetings of Minds: Intellectual and Religious Interaction in East Asian Traditions of Thought. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

Bodde, Derk. Chinese Thought, Society, and Science: The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre-modern China. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.
_______. Essays on Chinese Civilization. Edited by Charles Le Blanc and Dorthy Borei. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.

Bol, Peter K. “This Culture of Ours”: Intellectual Transition in T’ang and Sung China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1992.

Chang, Carsun. The Development of Neo-Confucian Thought. 2 vols. New York: Bookman Associates, 1957–1962.

Chang, Kwang-chih. Art, Myth and Ritual: The Path to Political Authority in Ancient China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Chen, Charles K. H., comp. Neo-Confucianism, Etc.: Essays by Wing-tsit Chan. Hanover, N.H.: Oriental Society, 1969.

Cheng, Chung-ying. New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1991.
_______., trans. Tai Chin’s Inquiry into Goodness. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Center Press, 1971.

Ch’ien, Edward T. Chiao Hung and the Restructuring of Neo-Confucianism in the Late Ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Chin, Ann-ping, and Mansfield Freeman. Tai Chen on Mencius: Explorations in Words and Meaning. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1990.

Ching, Julia. Probing China’s Soul: Religion, Politics, and Protest in the People’s Republic. San Francisco, Calif.: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1990.
_______. Confucianism and Christianity: A Comparative Study. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1977.
_______. To Acquire Wisdom: The Way of Wang Yang-ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
_______., trans. The Philosophical Letters of Wang Yang-ming. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1972.

Ching, Julia and Hans Küng. Christianity and Chinese Religion. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

Ching, Julia, and R. W. L. Guisso, eds. Sages and Filial Sons: Mythology and Archaeology in Ancient China. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Press, 1991.

Chow, Kai-wing. The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China: Ethics, Classics, and Lineage Discourse. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

Chu Hsi. Chu Hsi’s Family Rituals: A Twelfth-Century Chinese Manual for the Performance of Cappings, Weddings, Funerals, and Ancestral Rites. Translated and edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991.
_______. The Philosophy of Human Nature. Translated by J. Percy Bruce. London: Probsthain and Co., 1922; New York: AMS Press Edition, 1973.

Chu Hsi and Lü Tsu-ch’ien. Reflections on Things at Hand: The Neo-Confucian Anthology. Translated by Wing-tsit Chan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.

Confucius. Confucius: The Analects (Lun yü). Translated by D. C. Lau. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1992.

Cua, Antonio S. Ethical Argumentation: A Study in Hsün Tzu’s Moral Epistemology. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of Hawaii, 1985.
_______. The Unity of Knowledge and Action: A Study of Wang Yang-ming’s Moral Psychology. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of Hawaii, 1982.
_______. Dimensions of Moral Creativity: Paradigms, Principles, and Ideals. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978.

de Bary, Wm. Theodore. The Trouble with Confucianism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991.
_______. East Asian Civilizations: A Dialogue in Five Stages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988.
_______. The Liberal Tradition in China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.

de Bary, Wm. Theodore and Irene Bloom, eds. Principle and Practicality: Essay in Neo-Confucianism and Practical Learning. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.

de Bary, Wm. Theodore and John W. Chaffee, eds. Neo-Confucian Education: The Formative Stage. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1989.

Eber, Irene, ed. Confucianism: The Dynamics of Tradition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.

Ebery, Patricia Buckley. The Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993.
_______. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Elman, Benjamin A. From Philosophy to Philology: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Elvin, Mark. Another History: Essays on China from a European Perspective. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1996.

Eno, Robert. The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and the Defense of Ritual Mastery. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1990.

Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius—the Secular as Sacred. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1972.

Gardner, Daniel K., trans. Learning to Be a Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topically. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1990.
_______. Chu Hsi and the Ta-hsüeh: Neo-Confucian Reflection the Confucian Canon. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986.

Gilmartin, Christina K., et al., eds. Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State. Harvard Contemporary China Series, no. 10. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Graham, Angus Charles. Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1989.

Hall, David and Roger T. Ames. Thinking from the Han: Self, Truth, and Transcendence in Chinese and Western Culture. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1998.
_______., Anticipating China: Thinking Through the Narratives of Chinese and Western Culture. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1995.
_______., Thinking Through Confucius. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1987.

Hansen, Chad. A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought: A Philosophic Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Ho, Peng Yoke. Li, Qi, and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1985.

Ho, Ping-ti. The Cradle of the East: An Inquiry into the Indigenous Origins of Techniques and Ideas of Neolithic and Early Historic China, 5000–1000 B. C. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1975.

Hoobler, Thomas, and Dorthy Hoobler. Confucianism: World Religions. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1993.

Hsiao, Kung-chuan. From the Beginnings to the Sixth Century A.D. vol. 1. A History of Chinese Political Thought. Translated by F. W. Mote. Princeton Library of Asian Traditions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Huang Tsung-hsi. The Records of Ming Scholars. Edited by Julia Ching with the collaboration of Chaoying Fang. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

Ivanhoe, Philip J., ed. Chinese Language, Thought, and Culture: Nivison and His Critics. Chicago, Ill.: Open Court, 1996.
_______. Confucian Moral Self Cultivation. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.

Jensen, Lionel M. Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1997.

Kasoff, Ira E. The Thought of Chang Tsai. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Knoblock, John. Xunzi: A Translation and Study of the Complete Works. 3 vols. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1988–1994.

Ko, Dorthy. Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994.

Kuriyama, Shigehisa. The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York: Zone Books, 1999.

Lee, Peter K. H., ed. Confucian-Christian Encounter in Historical and Contemporary Perspective. Lewiston, N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Legge, James, trans. The Chinese Classics. 5 vols. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960.

Levenson, Joseph R. Confucian China and Its Modern Faith: A Trilogy. 3 vols. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1968.

Lewis, Mark Edward. Writing and Authority in Early China. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1999.

Liu, Shu-hsien. Understanding Confucian Philosophy: Classical and Sung-Ming. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1998.

Lynn, Richard John., trans. The Classic of Changes: A New Translation of the I Ching as Interpreted by Wang Bi. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

Machle, Edward J. Nature and Heaven in the Xunzi: A Study of Tien Lun. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Mann, Susan. Precious Records: Women in China’s Long Eighteenth Century. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Maspero, Henri. China in Antiquity. Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1978.

Mencius. Mencius. Translated by D. C. Lau. 2 vols. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1984.

Metzger, Thomas A. Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China’s Evolving Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Munro, Donald J. Images of Human Nature: A Sung Portrait. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988.
_______. The Concept of Man in Contemporary China. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1977.
_______. The Concept of Man in Early China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1969.

Neville, Robert C. The Tao and the Daimon: Segments of a Religious Inquiry. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1982.

Nivison, David S. The Ways of Confucianism: Investigations in Chinese Philosophy. Edited by Bryan W. Van Norden. Chicago, Ill.: Open Court, 1996.
_______. The Life and Thought of Chang Hsüeh-ch’eng (1738–1801). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

Peterson, Willard J. Bitter Gourd: Fan I-chih and the Impetus for Intellectual Change. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979.

Prazniak, Roxann. Dialogues Across Civilizations: Sketches in World History from the Chinese and European Experiences. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996.

Queen, Sarah A. From Chronicle to Canon: The Hermeneutics of the Spring and Autumn, According to Tung Chung-shu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Raphals, Lisa. Knowing Words: Wisdom and Cunning in the Classical Traditions of China and Greece. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Roetz, Heiner. Confucian Ethics of the Axial Age: A Reconstruction under the Aspect of the Breakthrough Toward Postconventional Thinking. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Ropp, Paul S., ed. Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese Civilization. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1990.

Rosemont, Henry, Jr. A Chinese Mirror: Moral Reflections on Political Economy and Society. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1991.
_______, ed. Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts: Essays Dedicated to Angus C. Graham. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1991.
_______, ed. Explorations in Early Chinese Cosmology. Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1984.

Rozman, Gilbert, ed. The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Adaptation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Saussy, Haun. The Problem of a Chinese Aesthetic. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1993.

Schwartz, Benjamin I. The World of Thought in Ancient China. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1985.

Shao Yung. Dialogue Between a Fisherman and a Wood-Cutter. Translated by Knud Lundbaek. Hamburg: C. Bell Verlag, 1986.

Shaughnessy, Edward L. Before Confucius: Studies in the Creation of the Chinese Classics. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1997.
_______. I Ching: The Classic of Changes. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.

Shun, Kwong-loi. Mencius and Early Chinese Thought. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Smith, D. Howard. Chinese Religions. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1968.

Smith, Richard J. China’s Cultural Heritage: The Ch’ing Dynasty, 1644–1912. 2d ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1994.
_______. Fortune-Tellers and Philosophers: Divination in Traditional Chinese Society. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1991.

Smith, Richard J. and D. W. Y. Kwok, eds. Cosmology, Ontology, and Human Efficacy. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.

Som, Tjan Tjoe. The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall. 2 vols. Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press, 1973; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1949.

Strassberg, Richard E. Inscribed Landscapes: Travel Writing from Imperial China. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1994.
_______. The World of K’ung Shang-jen: A Man of Letters in Early Ch’ing China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.

Taylor, Rodney L. The Religious Dimensions of Confucianism. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1990.
_______. The Cultivation of Sagehood as a Religious Goal in Neo-Confucianism: A Study of Selected Writings of Kao P’an-lung, 1562–1626. Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1978.

Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland. Ch’en Liang on Public Interest and the Law. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
_______. Confucian Discourse and Chu Hsi’s Ascendancy. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1992.
_______. Utilitarian Confucianism: Ch’en Liang’s Challenge to Chu Hsi. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Tu, Wei-ming. Way, Learning, and Politics: Essays on the Confucian Intellectual. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1993.
_______. Centrality and Commonality: An Essay on Confucian Religiousness. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989.
_______. Confucian Thought: Self-hood as Creative Transformation. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1985.
_______. Humanity and Self-Cultivation: Essays in Confucian Thought. Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press, 1979.
_______. Neo-Confucian Thought in Action: Wang Yang-ming’s Youth (1472–1509). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1976.

Tu, Wei-ming, ed. China in Transformation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Tu, Wei-ming, Milan Hejtmanek, and Alan Wachman, eds. The Confucian World Observed: A Contemporary Discussion of Confucian Humanism in East Asia. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1992.

Van Zoeren, Steven. Poetry and Personality: Reading, Exegesis, and Hermeneutics in Traditional China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991.

Wang Yang-ming. Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings. Translated by Wing Tsit-chan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.

Watson, Burton, trans. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsün Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.

Weber, Max. The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. Translated by Hans H. Gerth. New York: Macmillan, 1951.

Wilson, Thomas A. Genealogy of the Way: The Construction and Uses of the Confucian Tradition in Late Imperial China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

Wittenborn, Allen, trans. Further Reflections on Things at Hand: A Reader, Chu Hsi. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1991.

Wyatt, Don J. The Recluse of Loyang: Shao Yung and the Moral Evolution of Early Sung Thought. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Yang Hsiung. The Elemental Changes: The Ancient Chinese Companion to the I Ching, The T’ai Hsüan Ching of Master Yang Hsiung. Translated and edited by Michael Nylan. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994.
_______. The Canon of Supreme Mystery: A Translation with Commentary of the T’ai Hsüan Ching. Translated and edited by Michael Nylan. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Zaehner, Robert Charles. Concordant Discord: The Interdependence of Faiths. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Craig, Albert, and Donald Shively, eds. Personality in Japanese History. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1970.

Davis, Winston. Japanese Religion and Society: Paradigms of Structure and Change. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Dore, Ronald P. Taking Japan Seriously: A Confucian Perspective on Economic Issues. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1987.
_______. Education in Tokugawa Japan. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1965.

Elison, George. Deus Destroyed: The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973.

Gluck, Carol. Japan’s Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Irokawa, Daikichi. The Culture of the Meiji Period. Translated and edited by Marius B. Jansen. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Jansen, Marius B. China in the Tokugawa World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Kassel, Marleen. Tokugawa Confucian Education: The Kangien Academy of Hirose Tanso (1782–1856). Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1996.

Kitagawa, Joseph M. On Understanding Japanese Religion. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Lidin, Olof. The Life of Ogyu Sorai: A Tokugawa Confucian Philosopher. Lund: Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, 1973.
_______., trans. Ogyu Sorai’s Distinguishing the Way. Tokyo: Sophia University Press, 1970.

Maruyama, Masao. Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan. Translated by Mikiso Hane. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1974.

McEwan, J. R., trans. The Political Writings of Ogyu Sorai. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Mercer, Rosemary, trans. Deep Words: Miura Baien’s System of Natural Philosophy. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991.

Najita, Tetsuo. Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitokudo Merchant Academy of Osaka. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Najita, Tetsuo and Irwin Scheiner, eds. Japanese Thought in the Tokugawa Period 1600–1868: Methods and Metaphors. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

Nakamura, Hajime. A History of the Development of Japanese Thought from A. D. 592 to 1868. Tokyo: Japan Cultural Society, 1969.

Nosco, Peter, ed. Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Odin, Steve. The Social Self in Zen and American Pragmatism. Albany, N.Y.: The State University of New York Press, 1996.

Ooms, Herman. Tokugawa Ideology: Early Constructs, 1570–1680. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Sansom, George. A History of Japan. 3 vols. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1958–1963.

Sawada, Janine Anderson. Confucian Values and Popular Zen: Sekimon Shingaku in Eighteenth-Century Japan. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.

Smith, Warren W. Confucianism in Modern Japan: A Study of Conservatism in Japanese Intellectual History. 2d ed. Tokyo: Hokuseido Press, 1973.

Spae, Joseph. Ito Jinsai: A Philosopher, Educator, and Sinologist of the Tokugawa Period. New York: Paragon, 1967.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. Moral and Spiritual Cultivation in Japanese Neo-Confucianism: The Life and Thought of Kaibara Ekken (1630–1714). Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989.

Yamashita, Samuel H. Master Sorai’s Responsals: Annotated Translation of Sorai Sensi Tomonsho. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.

Choung Haechang, and Han Hyong-jo, eds. Confucian Philosophy in Korea. Kyonggi-do: The Academy of Korean Studies, 1996.

Chung, Edward Y. J. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T’oegye and Yi Yulgok: A Reappraisal of the “Four-Seven Thesis” and Its Practical Implications for Self-Cultivation. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1995.

de Bary, Wm. Theodore and JaHyun Kim Haboush, eds. The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.

Deuchler, Martina. The Confucian Transformation of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.

Grayson, James Huntley. Korea: A Religious History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

Kalton, Michael, et al. The Four Seven Debate: An Annotated Translation of the Most Famous Controversy in Korean Neo-Confucian Thought. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Kalton, Michael C., trans. To Become a Sage: The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning by Yi T’oegye. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Kang, Hugh H. W., ed. The Traditional Culture and Society of Korea: Thought and Institutions. Honolulu, Hawaii: Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawaii Press, 1975.

Kendall, Laurel, and Griffin Dix, eds. Ritual and Religion in Korean Society. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley Center For Korean Studies, 1987.

Kim, Sung-Hae. The Righteous and the Sage: A Comparative Study on the Ideal Images of Man in Biblical Israel and Classical China. Seoul: Sogang University Press, 1985.

Palais, James B. Confucian Statescraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyongwon and the Late Chosen Dynasty. Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press, 1996.

Peterson, Mark A. Korean Adoption and Inheritance: Case Studies in the Creation of a Classic Confucian Society. Ithaca, N.Y.: East Asian Studies Program, 1996.

Phillips, Earl H., and Eui-young Yu, eds. Religions in Korea: Beliefs and Cultural Values. Los Angeles, Calif.: Center for Korean-American and Korean Studies, California State University, 1982.

Ro, Young-chan. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi Yulgok. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989.

Setton, Mark. Chong Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1997.

Copyright © 1998 John Berthrong.
Reprinted with permission.